负效用是指某种商品或劳务给人们所带来的不舒服或痛苦的感受,商品或劳务会满足人们的欲望而具有效用。但如果某种商品的总效用达到了最大点,继续增加这种商品的消费量就必然产生负效应。
n. disutility
...因价值变化而被重新界定时,一个更为严重的问题是,对讨厌风险的人们而言,不确定性(uncertainty)本身就是负效用(disutility)的根源。消除产生于不确定性的风险的各种方法是否会对我们讨论的情况有用呢?
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...(effort)以达成受 委讬的任务,努力愈多绩效会愈高,委讬人也会愈满意;但努力本身对代理人而言是 一种负效用(negative utility),努力愈多,本身的效用会愈低。为避免代理人偷懒,可 要求其承担一部份成果好坏的风险。
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用劳动负效用替代闲暇效用。
条件价值评估是基于不同年龄段的“负效用”死亡的数项调查。
Contingent valuation is based on surveys of the "disutility" of death at different ages.
对于给定的就业人数,工资的效用等于该就业量的边际负效用。
The utility of the wage when a given volume of Labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility of that amount of employment.
So you get the profits of the firm minus the disutility of having missed all that sleep.
你的收益是公司的利润,减去放弃了休息的负效用
I have some kind of moral conscience and after I've subtracted off my guilt feelings I end up at -1, so think of this as guilt: some notion of morality.
而晚上睡不着觉,所以减去我的负罪感的负效用后,我只得-1,把它看成负罪感吧
And we'll assume that the amount of disutility you get from being far away from the winner is 1/17th of the distance, each of these, each place is worth 1/17th of a $1.
我们假设远离获胜者,导致的负效用的金额,是整个距离的1/17,每个位置价值1美元的1/17
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