对隐喻进行判断，推导出它的言外之力 （illocutionary force）是语言与认知机制相互协作，实现语用 功能。 3．隐喻范例及其语用解读 会话理解是一个推理的认知过程。
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illocutionary force ( = illocutionary meaning) 言内之意；语言功能；活语力量；表意力量 perlocutionary force 言外之力 conveyed meaning 言外之意 ..
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While observing top 54 statements selected by the model, special illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs) are spotted, such as present tense, infinitives, and the indicative mood.
通过观察由评价模式选出的54则宣言,不难发现它们共同采用的言外之力指示手段,例如,现在时,动词不定时,陈述语气的使用。
参考来源 - 从语力角度探讨公司使命宣言的写作策略·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
表达类的言外之力是对话所表明的事态表达说话人的心理状态。
Expressives: the illocutionary point of expressives is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.
言语行为的言外之力在一定程度上是可译的，但等值总是相对的。
The illocutionary force of an act is, to an extent, translatable, but equivalence is always relative.
语用意义可分为六类，即言外之力、隐含意义、修辞意义、所指意义、情感内涵及言外效果。
The subcategories of pragmatic meaning are: illocutionary force, implicate meaning, figurative meaning, reference, emotional tone, and perlocutionary effect.
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