在机器人研究领域中，机器视觉、听觉、触觉和力觉的研究都取得了相当多的成果，有的已达到实用的水准。

Machine vision, hearing, tactual sensation and force sensation are greatly developed in the domain of robotics and some of them have been used for practical purposes.

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味觉、觉和触觉反应正常，使用正常。

Normal use of, andd response to taste, smell, andd touch.

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触觉、疼痛觉和温度觉是相对较早的指标。

Tactile, pain perception and temperature sensation are relatively early indicators.

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