其中的“非线性性质”（non-linearity ）可能是伴随存在过程模型（process model）中或观测模型（observation model）中，或者两者兼有之。
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According to types of information used,radar passive observation systems are divided into the types of bearing, time of arrival,Doppler,bearing and time of arrival,bearing and Doppler. For every type of systems,observability is analyzed in common observation model.
根据使用信息的不同，本文把雷达被动观测分成方位、到达时、多卜勒、方位和到达时间、方位和多卜勒几种类型，建立了统一的观测模型，分析了种类系统的可观测性。
参考来源 - 期刊学术社区·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
提出了基于无线传感器和视频观测模型的粒子权重评估方法，提高了粒子更新效率。
Methods of evaluating importance weights of particles based on wireless sensors and video observation model is put forward, which improve the efficiency of particle updating.
在估计目标状态时，采用了粒子滤波算法，设计了基于自适应表面模型的观测模型；
When estimating the target state, particle filter is adopted, and the observation model is designed based on the adaptive appearance model.
它能够在线估计虚拟观测噪声的统计特性，从而克服了观测模型线性化误差带来的不良影响。
Owing to estimating the statistics of virtual noise on line, it overcomes the bad affect caused by linearization of nonlinear observation model.
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