从固体的表面张力出发，求得空位的形成能。
The formation energy of vacancy is calculated from, the surface tension of solid.
而不同的石墨烯面之间存在的表面能可以通过在晶界处形成空位或者位错环而得到降低。
The interface energy that exists between the sheets could be minimized by the grain boundaries by the formation of dislocations or pairs of rings.
这可能是由于在缺氧条件下样品表面形成了一种具有氧空位的扭曲结构，这种结构可以阻止四方相到单斜相的转变。
It is possible that oxygen vacancies formed in the surface region in the absence of oxygen can prevent the transformation from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase.
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