本文利用广义虚载荷概念，建立了应力、位移响应的一阶和二阶导数计算公式。
Based on the pseudo load concepts, general formulas for computing the first and second derivatives of behavioral parameters with respect to design variables are derived.
轨道底面与地面必须紧密着力，不得有虚跨间隙，以防止地轨轨道载荷后弯曲变形。
Orbital floor and must closely focus on the ground, in order to prevent the ground rail track bending deformation after loading.
建立了含有虚约束的多相并列平行曲柄机构受力分析模型。在此基础上分析计算了三环减速器的轴承载荷和高速轴曲柄上的转矩；
The load of planetary bearings and the moment in the high speed shafts are analyzed and some suggestions about the structure type and design parameters of the three ring reductor were a…
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