自由电荷是一种等效概念，通常指存在于物质内部，在外电场作用下能作定向运动的电荷。 不是由于极化而引起的宏观电荷，例如电介质由于摩擦或与带电体接触而呈现的宏观电荷以及导体由于失去或得到自由电子而呈现的宏观电荷都属于自由电荷。
指出电容能量公式对于极板间存在自由电荷的电容并不适用。
The formula of capacitance energy is not proper to capacitors which have free charges among their plates.
证明了静电场中点电荷的禁闭条件是禁闭区外部为抗电介质，或者在禁闭区外排布镜像点自由电荷系列线。
The confinement_potential of point charge in electrostatic field requests anti_dielectric or mirror line of arranged free point charge out of confined region.
在自由电荷传输模型的基础上得到了电荷耦合器件电荷传输效率的表达式，编制了电荷耦合器件电荷传输效率优化设计软件。
Based on the free charge transfer model the expression of the charge transfer efficiency in CCD is obtained, and the software for improving the charge transfer efficiency in CCD is programmed.
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