...有过许多研究并形成了几种共同的观点，如博弈前的交流（Preplay communication）、自我实现的预期（Self-fulfilling Prophecies）、聚点（Focal Points）等。博弈前交流的基本思想是假定参与人在博弈进行前讨论如何行为。
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这将对帮助打压处于较高价位的自我实现预期值。
That may help quash self-fulfilling expectations of higher prices.
（注1）账面损失估计是天文数字而且否认声明不会被接受；末日将至的预期理所当然地会自我实现。
Paper losses were estimated in astronomical numbers and denials were disbelieved; prophecies of doom were, in the nature of the case, self-fulfilling.
国债的安全性取决于预期的自我实现。
The safety of government debt is a self-fulfilling market expectation.
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