首先在多孔介质的有效应力原理中引入瓦斯吸附的膨胀应力，推导出了适用于含瓦斯煤岩的有效应力计算公式。
An effective stress calculation formula for coal containing gas is proposed coupling with the swelling stress of gas adsorption in the effective stress principle for porous media.
经分析与实体零件的宏观与微观组织观察，此现象是因为还原介质渗入，引起合金体积膨胀而产生引力，造成应力裂纹。
Being the reducing medium, the volume expansion of alloy brings gravitation and crack through analysis and observation of accessory's macro-and micro structure.
它们是热膨胀、汽化和介质击穿。
They are thermal expansion, vaporization and dielectric breakdown.
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