次级溶酶体在完成对绝大部分底物的消化分解作用之后，尚有一些不能消化分解的物质残留于其中，成为残留体，有些残留体可以通过细胞的排遗作用，以胞吐的方式被清除，但是有些会沉积在细胞内，常见于脊椎动物和人类的神经元、肝细胞、心肌细胞内的脂褐质。 又称为致密体、老年色素、血褐脂、脂色素、黄色素、透明蜡体及残余小体等。
n. lipofuscin
After 30 days the activity of serum Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutatbione peroxidase (GSH-Per) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in brain and Lipofuscin(Lf)in brain and liver, the weight of thymus gland and spleen and the immune-macrophage function were detected.2.
四组小鼠分别喂养30天后，观察小鼠血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Per)的活性，测定脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量及脑组织和肝脏中的脂褐质(Lf)含量，以及胸腺和脾脏的重量和网状内皮吞噬功能的变化。
参考来源 - 松花粉抗衰老作用的实验研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
结论：牛蒡根抗衰老作用的主要作用机制是提高SOD活性，降低MDA、脂褐质含量。
Conclusion: Arctium lappa L. has the remarkable effect of anti-decrepitude, whose main mechanism is to improve the activity of SOD and reduce the content of MDA and lipofuscin.
结果肝细胞内出现大量脂肪滴和巨大线粒体；神经细胞线粒体受损、脂褐质增多；发现凋亡细胞。
Results Triglyceride droplets and giant mitochondrias were observed in hepatic cells, mitochondrias were damaged and lipofuscin increase in neurotic cells, observed apoptosis in both cells.
脑、心脂褐质（LF）的含量和小鼠应激能力：抗疲劳和耐缺氧实验及小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定。
The content of lipofuscin(LF) estimated for brain and heart of mice. The stress power was observed. The ability of anti tired and tolerance hypoxia and phago-function of macrophage were estimated.
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