当负能量状态这个新问题出现之时，它便是一个新出现的问题其实并不是新问题的例子；它其实一直就摆在那。

When this new difficulty of the negative energy states appeared it was an example of a difficulty that was not really new; it was there all the time.

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在最简单的情况下，一个系统有两个能量状态，即所谓的量子比特或昆比特。

In the simplest case, one obtains a system with two energy states, a so-called quantum bit or qubit.

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这样我们会有不同的能量状态。

So we're going to have unequal energy states.

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And that will end up winning out at basically any realistic temperature where the stuff really is a gas.

在体系仍然处于气体状态的温度下,熵战胜了能量。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So we know we always want to have our systems in as low an energy as possible, so it makes sense that a bond would happen any time we got a lower energy when we combine two atoms, versus when we keep them separate.

我们知道我们总是希望使我们的系统,处于能量尽可能低的状态，因此就应该有化学键产生,一旦我们合并两个原子之后体系的能量变得更低，相较于分开时。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Why? It is because it is state function.

为什么，因为能量是一个状态函数。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选