经皮肾镜取石术 PCNL ; percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; PNL ; percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
经皮肾取石术 PCNL ; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
微创经皮肾穿刺取石术 MPCNL ; minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; minimally percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
微创经皮肾镜取石术 MPCNL ; minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotomy
经皮肾镜碎石取石术 PCNL ; Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy ; percutaneous nephrostolithotomy ; mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
经皮肾穿刺取石术 percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; PCNL
经皮肾穿取石术 percutaneous nephrolithotomy
微创的经皮肾镜取石术 mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
经皮肾微造瘘取石术 Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
微创经皮肾取石术 minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; MPNL ; microinvasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ; Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
最近发现：尽管碎石技术有所进步，在经皮肾镜取石术中出血仍是引起患者死亡的原因。
Recent findings: Despite advances in lithotripsy technology, bleeding continues to be a cause of patient morbidity in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
评论目的：由于泌尿外科医师需要长期依靠经皮肾镜取石术，对于相关的出血风险及其处理的清楚了解是必要的。
Purpose of review: as urologists will continue to rely on percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a clear understanding of its associated bleeding risks and management is mandatory.
前言：目的探讨经皮肾穿取石术中通过简单精确的定位建立手术通道的方法。
Objective: to study a way with simple and accurate localization in establishing a channel of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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