宗族组织名。满语音译, 亦作“木昆”、“莫昆”。汉语义为“族”、“宗族”。穆昆源于女真语之“谋克”,是女真人的一种父系血缘组织,多以祖先的名字及住地命名。穆昆之长称“穆昆达”,由本穆昆成员公同推举一人充任。明代女真人仍然保留有浓厚的氏族制遗迹,故在十六世纪末至十七世纪初满族共同体形成后,以血缘关系维系的穆昆社会集团依然存在。
穆昆丹说:“现在的海盗攻击时间,都发生在亚丁湾的东部和北部。
"Now the attacks are taking place to the East and the North of the Gulf of Aden, " noted Mukundan.
因此,了解石姓穆昆的信仰体系有助于理解满族萨满教的完整历史和全面的形貌。
So knowing about them will contribute to understanding the whole history and full station of Manchu Shamanism.
在某些情况下,两三名船员被劫持并带上岸,一直被关押到收取赎金。”穆昆丹上校。
In some cases, two or three crew members have been kidnapped and are taken ashore and held until a ransom is paid.
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