生产者或消费者增加或减少一单位产品的生产或消费时所导致的社会成本的增加或减少量。边际私人成本和边际外部性成本的总和。即个人决策考虑到其行为给社会带来的外部性影响时,总的成本称为边际社会成本。
因市场缺乏引起市场价格偏离社会边际成本是,用影子价格来调整市场价格。
Shadow prices adjust market prices for deviations from social marginal costs due to market imperfections.
如果没有充分理由认为市场价格偏离了社会边际成本,市场价格就是很好的尺度。
Market prices serve well if there is no strong reason to believe they depart from social marginal costs.
在现行制度安排下,公共政策的制定应考虑人口健康的长期社会边际成本和长期社会边际收益。
Under the system in force, to formulate a public policy must consider the marginal cost and marginal profits about the health of population.
应用推荐