正常止血和凝血机理、出血性疾病的分类、出血特点、实验室诊断（筛选试验及确诊试验）及治疗；

The mechanism of normal hemostasis and coagulation, the classification, bleeding characteristics, laboratory diagnosis (screening test and confirmation test) and treatments of hemorrhagic disease;

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没有试验检测标准或特殊的体检结果能对经前综合症进行确诊。

There is no laboratory test or unique physical findings to verify the diagnosis of PMS.

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科学家认为这个呼吸试验尤其对头颈部确诊为癌症晚期的患者有用。

Scientists believe the breath test could be especially useful for patients with head-and-neck cancers which are often diagnosed late.

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