提出管道应力分析的目的与要求；
The author addresses the object and requirement for piping stress analysis.
目的：探讨编写研究生教材《针灸流派概论》的意义、课程的内容及教学的目的与要求。
Objective: To explore the significance curriculum content or teaching goal and requirements of traditional textbook graduate school of acupuncture and moxibustion.
然后项目的这一内部收益率(IRR)被与风险相近的项目的最小要求收益率进行比较。
This internal rate of return (IRR) for the project is then compared to a minimum required rate of return for projects of similar risk.
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