电机控制模型中的建模误差，以及系统运行中的参数漂移，诸如电机的定、转子电阻随着温度发生变化，相当于对所研究的控制系统加入了扰动。
The modelling inaccuracy and parameter drift in motor control, such as the stator and rotor resistance shift with temperature, act as the disturbance in the control system.
如图4 - 45所示，可以画出样品温度变化时，其电阻和温度的关系曲线。
As shown in Figure 4-45, the resistance can be plotted vs. temperature as the sample temperature is changing.
随着温度增高，电阻率的变化可用声子及局域自旋涨落的散射来解释。
The change of the resistivity with increasing temperature can be interpreted in terms of the phonon and the local spin fluctuation scattering.
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