如果你的项目是开发集成电路，你就必须学习一个课程，这个课程是关于微电子领域的先进概念。

If your project is developing an integrated circuit, you will have to take a module on advanced concepts in microelectronics.

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从概念上讲，电子商务与众所周知的商业服务并无不同，后者的服务包括像电话银行、“邮购”目录，或通过传真向供应商发送采购订单等。

Conceptually, e-commerce does not differ from well-known commercial offerings such as banking by phone, "mail order" catalogs, or sending a purchase order to supplier via fax.

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该概念在生物电子等排发现中得到了应用。

The concept developed applications in the discovery of bioisosterism.

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He introduced the concept of electronegativity which was a measure, therefore, it is quantitative, of the atom's ability to attract electrons within a covalent bond and developed a scale of electronegativity.

他引入了电负性这一概念,一个反映着原子在成共价键时吸引电子的能力的数据标度，因此这是数量上的，在共价电子中,电子原子能吸引电子,并发展为一定规模的电负性。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

The way that we can figure this out is using something called bond order, and bond order is equal to 1/2 times the number of bonding electrons, minus the number of anti-bonding electrons.

我们可以用叫做,键序的概念来弄明白它，键序等于1/2乘以成键电子,数目减去反键电子数目。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

One way to think about it, if we want to use a classical analogy, which often helps to give us an idea of what's going on, is the spin of an electron, we can picture it rotating on its own axis.

如果我们用一个，经典的比喻来考虑它的话，这经常会帮助我们建立起一些概念，就是我们可以把电子的，自旋想象是它绕着轴自转。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选