1994年，美国印第安纳大学的鲁道夫·拉夫和他的同事们决定用遗传学的方法来计算进化发生逆转的概率。

In 1994, Rudolf Raff and colleagues at Indiana University in the USA decided to use genetics to put a number on the probability of evolution going into reverse.

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用乘积推理机、单值模糊器和中心平均解模糊化来计算输出。

Product inference engine, singleton fuzzifier and center average defuzzifier were used to calculate outputs.

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保险公司就可以用二项分布公式，来计算特定数目事故发生的概率。

It USES the binomial distribution to calculate the probability of getting any specific number of accidents.

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And we can calculate that with the formula that we used, which was just n minus l minus 1 equals the number of nodes.

这个我们可以用我们以前用过的那个公式来计算，也就是节点数等于ｎ减去ｌ减去１

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But we know already from week zero that computers ultimately represent all information with numbers, and if they want to represent letters inside memory, well what do they do or what do they use?

但是自从上周我们已经知道,计算机最终是用数字来表示所有的,信息，如果它们要描绘,在内存中的字母，它们该怎么做，用什么方式呢？

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

We're typically going to use as basic steps the built-in primitives that a machine comes with.

我们要用计算机内置的原始体来,定义基本的步骤，换句话说。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选