上述系统是生物化学家所说的“放能”系统，它们是完全自发的过程。

The systems considered above are what biochemists call "exergonic", they are fully spontaneous processes.

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生物化学家詹姆斯·洛夫·洛克就这种相拥状况写道：“物种的进化与其所处环境的演变密不可分。”

Biochemist James Lovelock writes of this embrace, "the evolution of a species is inseparable from the evolution of its environment."

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他放弃了生物化学家的职业，变成一名历史学家、作家、出版人和活动家。

He gave up his job as a biochemist to become a historian, writer, publisher and activist.

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So, that's kinetics -- how fast a reaction will go, and from the perspective of someone who's a biochemist, I'm interested in kinetics and enzyme kinetics, and thinking about molecules that catalyze reactions in the body.

所以这就是动力学，一个反应发生的有多快,从一个生物化学家的角度,我喜欢研究动力学,酶动力学。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选