文章从矿山环境恢复治理存在的矛盾入手，从生产外部性、科斯定理、生产理论、博弈论四个方面，详细分析了矿山环境难以治理有其深刻的经济学根源。
There are some conflicts in mine-environment governance. The paper analyses detailedly economics root of mine-environment puzzle from externalities, Coase Theorem, production theory and game theory.
必须对森林资源的生态效益实施国家定向合同购买或代理（社会）合同购买的办法来校正林业生产的外部性。
For the sake of ecological benefit of forestry resources, the external economy of forestry production must be adjusted by adopting state-oriented contract or agent-oriented contract system.
生产、消费的环境成本外部性是全球性生态环境问题产生的重要根源之一。
The outside environment costs of production and consumption is one of the important roots of the global ecologic and environmental problems.
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