目的分析牙根纵裂的致病因素。

Objective to study the pathogenic factors of vertical root fractures (VRFs).

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目的分析活髓下颌第一磨牙根纵裂的解剖学病因。

Objective to study the anatomical factors of vertical root fractures (VRFs) on vital pulp of maxillary first molar.

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目的观察研究牙根纵裂的临床特征，分析其发病原因。

To explore clinical features of vertical root fracture (VRF) and analyze the possible causes of VRF.

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