牛顿力学的时间可逆性与宏观热力学过程不可逆性的矛盾，很长时间以来一直是物理学和哲学中争论最多的问题之一。

The contradiction between temporal reversibility of Newton mechanics and irreversibility of thermodynamic process has long been one of the most frequently debated problems in physics and philosophy.

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利用热力学第二定律建立的火用分析方法，对核动力装置中主要的热量传递、作功与受功过程的不可逆性进行了分析。

Using the exergy based on the second law of thermodynamics, the irreversibility during the important heat transfer as well as input and output power processes inside a NPP are analysed.

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用有限时间热力学的方法分析具有热阻、热漏、内不可逆性的定常流联合卡诺型热机循环。

This paper analyzed and optimized the power output, efficiency and ecological criterion of a universal irreversible combined Carnot cycle by using finite-time thermodynamics.

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