消极自由是指免于他人干涉的自由。
The modern civil society should be convergence of the L-stream derived from Locke and the M-stream derived from Montesquieu and should be such a civil society which combines individual liberty with political liberty and combines negative liberty with positive liberty.
现代市民社会应是源自于洛克的“L-流”与源自于孟德斯鸠的“M-流”两种源流的汇合,应是个人自出与政治自由、消极自由与积极自由相结合的市民社会。
参考来源 - 民主政治及其认同根基Though Hobbes and Locke’s social contract theories differ greatly,both share a common political philosophical base: negative freedom.
霍布斯与洛克的社会契约理论虽存在极大差异,但二者却有着共同的政治哲学基础:消极自由观。
参考来源 - 社会契约论三种——对霍布斯、洛克与卢梭政治哲学思想的比较Locke Rousseau amended the "negative freedom" avoiding tyranny and oppression and shift to the“positive freedom”for the requirements of the National action.
卢梭修正了洛克免于专制与压迫的“消极自由”,而转变为要求国家采取一定行动的“积极自由”。
参考来源 - 卢梭自由思想新探·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
伯林提出了“积极自由”与“消极自由”的著名区分。
It is Berlin who makes a famous differentiation between "negative liberty" and "positive liberty."
消极自由—不被限制，不需要别人告诉你去做什么的自由。
Negative liberty is "freedom from" -freedom from constraint, freedom from being told what to do by others.
近代以来关于自由的观念形成了两种基本的学说 ：“消极自由”与“积极自由”。
There are two main theories about the viewpoint of liberty in modern society:the active liberty and the passive liberty.
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