因为没有奖励或惩罚,他们不知道每次试验后自己的回答是正确的还是错误的。
They didn't know if they responded correctly or incorrectly after each trial because there was no reward or punishment.
当它们选择“跳过”——一个不确定的回答——就既没有奖励也没有惩罚。
They didn't get either reward or punishment for choosing the "pass" option, the uncertainty response.
如果你没有奖励积分,廉价航空公司则是第二最优之选。
If you do not have reward points, budget airlines are the next best bet.
In fact though, the children who you reward later on think that this activity has less value and they are less likely to do it when there's no reward present.
但事实上,拿到奖励的孩子会想,这个活动的价值变低了,如果没有奖励,他们就不太可能会再做。
And the idea, again, is the kids who don't get rewarded say to themselves, "Well, I just spent time doing it, it must have an intrinsic value," while the children who get rewarded say, "I did it for the sticker. I did it for the toy.
再一次,没有得到奖励的孩子心里想,“我花了时间来做这件事,它一定是有内在的价值的”,而拿到奖励的小孩会说,“我是为了贴纸和玩具才做的”
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