电缆运行过程中，在水分和电场的共同作用下发生物理化学变化，形成水树枝。

Water tree may be formed in the insulation due to physicochemical changes caused by the combined effect of water and intense electrical field.

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接地放电后，极化电荷及表层电荷释放，仍存在水树枝内的空间电荷即为残留电荷；

After grounding, polarization charges and shallow charges will be released. The space charges still existing in water tree are called residual charge.

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没有天敌的大象必须在广袤的大地上四处漫游，才能解决它们每日的口粮问题——52加仑合200公升水及约300公斤合660磅的草、树叶及树枝。

Elephants, which have no predators, must roam widely to get their daily ration of as much as 52 gallons (200 litres) of water and about 300 kilograms (660 pounds) of grass, leaves and twigs.

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