1858年，威廉·法尔（William Farr）首次发现了这一效应，他写道，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险比已婚同龄人高得多。

The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.

youdao

而且，超重人士的死亡风险比标准体重的人要低17%。

Specifically, the risk of dying for overweight persons was 17 percent lower than for people of normal weight.

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随着围绕着饮酒所可能带来的健康问题的争论还在继续，一项新的研究发现戒酒者和酗酒者所要承当的死亡风险比微量饮酒者要来的高。

While the debate over the possible health benefits of drinking continues to bubble, a new study finds that abstainers and heavy drinkers have a higher mortality risk than moderate drinkers.

youdao

So, it's not really good enough to just have some risk of death-- it's got to be greater risk than usual.

所以，只冒某些死亡的风险,是不够的-,必须是比通常情况下更大的风险。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选