是指一些成文的规定,包括国家中央和地方的法律、法规、合同等,包括企事业部门的规则规定,因此正式制度在生产生活中具有重要的影响作用,其与非正式制度相辅相成,共同促进社会发展。
论文:制度规避的负面效应及其消解-中大网校论文网 关键词: 制度规避; 正式制度; 非正式制度 [gap=748]Key Words: regulation withdrawal; formal regulation; informal regulation
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(1)正式制度 正式制度(formal constraints)是人们为规范 社会经济活动行为而有意识地创造的一系 列明文规则。
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Besides formal system, we should also pay attention to such informal systems’ constraint for enterprisers as social psychology and public opinions.
除了正式制度,我们还要注意非正式制度如社会心态、社会舆论等对企业家的制约。
参考来源 - 企业家成长制度的研究It is not only includes the change of formal institutions, but also the informals ones which perform as the culture traditions, ideology, customary practices, ethics, values and so on.
它不仅需要实现正式制度的变迁,而且需要改变以文化传统、意识形态、习惯习俗、伦理道德、价值观念等形式存在于政府内外的各种非正式制度。
参考来源 - 服务型政府建设中的非正式制度研究·2,447,543篇论文数据,部分数据来源于NoteExpress
其中用得比较多的是一种正式制度是作业许可证制度。
They will often be applied and enforced by means of a formal Permit to Work system.
在一个社会的制度结构中,制度包括正式制度和非正式制度。
In a social system structure, the system includes the formal system and the informal one.
相互保险是农村家庭应付不确定性收入波动的非正式制度安排。
Mutual insurance is an informal mechanism arrangement for the rural families to cope with the fluctuations in uncertain income.
It was gradually adopted by other countries through time and the United States didn't officially adopt it until 1900.
随着时间的流逝,它渐渐被,其它国家所采用,美国直到1900年才正式采用金本位制度。
What it was it began the first country to adopt the gold standard officially was the United Kingdom and that was in 1717.
它是什么---它开始于,第一个官方正式地采取金本位制度的国家,是英国,那时是1717年。
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