对于可能发生的事她只有一个模糊的概念。
我们对于未来都有一些模糊的概念。我们有些人感到恐惧,有些人则充满喜悦。
Perhaps all of us have tentative notions about the future. Some of us fear and some of us rejoice.
想想如果你要向一些对你研究项目的领域只有笼统、模糊的概念的人解释你的项目,例如你的父母,你需要涉及哪些内容。
Think about what you'd need to include if you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject, like your parents.
The issue of vagueness is summarized in a more technical way by the philosopher Karl Popper who described--who introduced the term of falsifiability.
关于概念模糊的问题,哲学家卡尔·波普用一个更加专业的术语,进行了总结,他提出了“可证伪性“这个术语。
When it comes to humans, the notions of reward and punishment and so on that Skinner tried to extend to humans are so vague it's not science anymore.
说到人类,那些斯金纳试图应用于人类身上的,奖励和惩罚之类的概念,定义太过模糊,所以不能再当做科学来看待。
But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.
但如果你要这样去做,你就必须将惩罚,奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。
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