斯达克和她的同事分析了驯鹿放牧对营养贫乏的芬兰北部森林地区带来的土壤更新影响。 他们认为长远来看，在森里放牧驯鹿会比没有牧鹿的地区失去更少的碳和增加植物垃圾。
They determined that in the long run, areas grazed by reindeer lose less carbon, through plant litter, than areas without reindeer.
根毛从土粒表面吸收养分，所以，土壤的内表面积对土壤中的植物养分有很大影响。
Root hairs feed from the surface particles, therefore the internal surface area has a great influence on plant food in the soil.
土壤含水量的变化影响着植物对营养物质的吸收和利用。
The change of moisture content influenced the plant absorption and the utilization of nutrient.
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