整个流域的人口分布沿黄河河道由下游往上，人口密集程度呈梯度递减的特征。
There were grades in the population intension level from the lower reaches of the river to the upper river.
本文使用递减梯度和基变换技术的惩罚线性规划求解杆系结构的极限载荷。
In present paper we use a penalty linear programming method using Reduced Gradient Basis-Exchange Techniques to find the limit load of structures of beam systems.
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