本文的思路比较微妙，如果您首先观察一位知识渊博的人用图形表示他在物理空间和时间内移动的轨迹，通常会更容易理解本文内容。
The idea of this article is subtler, and usually easier to grasp if you first watch a knowledgeable presenter illustrate points as he moves in physical space and time.
本文在比较基于能量的各种算法的基础上提出了建立目标函数，用梯度法实现定位的算法。
Based on the comparison of different algorithms of energy, we create a target function, and use grads method to realize localization.
本文用几何光学描述了离轴探测调焦误差信号与系统参数的关系，并与实验结果进行了比较。
Characteristics of the defocusing error signals are expressed in the terms of an off-axial detection system by geometric optics. The results are compared with experiment.
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