因此，未包括部分可以变更，而不影响签名有效性。

The excluded portions can therefore change without affecting the signature validity.

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本文通过考察市场能否识别会计估计变更的实质来验证市场有效性。

This? Paper tests market efficiency through examining its capability to identify the essence of change in accounting estimate.

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信用卡行业称，这些变更将会降低信用卡的有效性，银行信用卡部损失损失几十亿的报告，都发生在经济衰退期。

Credit card companies say the changes will only reduce the availability of credit. These come at a time of recession when Banks are reporting billions in losses in their credit card divisions.

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