酒精：长期饮酒会对多个器官造成刺激引发炎症，最终可导致癌症。
Alcohol: Regular consumption of alcohol causes irritation and inflammation to numerous organs, which can lead to cancer.
如果手机真的会导致癌症，但存在如此高的接触率，使用这样一个简单的规则来定义“经常使用”意味着最终的效果可能会稀释到无法验证。
If phones really do cause cancer, but only at high exposure, employing such a generous definition of regular use means that the effect might be diluted into undetectability.
还有一些物质能使细胞产生短暂性改变，若细胞持续暴露于这些物质当中，最终将导致癌症，这就是促肿瘤形成过程。
Other agents can then produce transient changes which lead, with continued exposure, to cancer: this is known as tumour promotion.
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