回顾了负折射介质的研究历史，综述了光子晶体负折射效应的物理机制、研究进展以及目前的主要研究方向，展望了光子晶体负折射效应的应用前景。

The history and mechanism of negative refractive effects of photonic crystals are reviewed. The research progress and status are discussed. Finally, the application foreground is forecasted.

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主要内容包括： 第一章阐述了光子晶体概念，光子能带理论，带隙导光机理等，简要介绍了光子晶体的分类及应用方向。

The contents are as follows: In the first chapter, there is an illumination about the concept of photonic crystal, theory of photonic band, the mechanism of manipulating light, and so on.

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一个主要的研究方向是以碳纳米管为模块，采用自下而上的构筑方式制备纳电子器件（包括晶体管、传感器等）。

One of the important research directions is the fabrication of nano electrical devices including transistor and sensor by bottom-up method using carbon nanotubes as building block.

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