由于长期被土耳其人和鞑靼人攻击，早期在特兰西瓦尼亚(现在罗马尼亚的一部分)的撒克逊移民实际上是按照要塞设计他们的村庄的。

Under regular attack by Ottomans and Taters, early Saxon settlers in Transylvania (now part of Romania) designed their villages essentially as fortresses.

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由于18世纪晚期和19世纪早期移民的定居地是从东海岸(大西洋海岸)开始，凡是在阿巴拉契亚山脉以西的地方都被认为是西部。

For the settlers starting out from the Atlantic coast in the late 18th and early 19th century, everything west of the Appalachian Mountains was considered "the west".

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然而，如果没有当地印第安人的帮助，那些早期的移民是无法度过他们在那里的第一个凛冽寒冬。这些土著印第安邻居教他们如何种植玉米及如何狩猎野鹿。

However, those early settlers would not have survived their first cold winter without the help of their native Indian neighbors, who taught them how to plant corns, and how to hunt wild deer.

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Just almost all the islands in that sea are inhabited by Greeks, mostly by the Greeks that came in that first wave of immigrants earlier on, not colonized during the eighth century and afterwards.

那片海域的诸岛上居住的几乎都是希腊人,他们大多都是早期的,第一批移民,而非八世纪以后的殖民者

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选