族群里的大多数星星都是同时诞生的，但在大小、质量、温度及色彩方面有所不同。
Most of the stars in the cluster were born around the same time but differ in size, mass, temperature, and color.
这会给星星一些大小变化。
查克拉·巴蒂的观测方法很直接，通过分析螺旋星系氢分布的涟漪来推测卫星星系的位置和大小。
Chakrabarti's method observes them indirectly by analyzing the ripples in the hydrogen gas distribution in spiral galaxies and inferring the position and size of the satellites.
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