在粒子物理学中,无质量粒子是一种不变质量为零的基本粒子。两个已知的无质量粒子都是规范玻色子:光子(电磁学的载体)和胶子(强相互作用力的载体)。然而作为自由粒子,胶子从来没有被观测到,这是由于它们被限制在强子之中了。中微子最初也被认为是无质量粒子。然而,由于中微子在travel的时候会改变它们的flavor,所以至少两种类型的中微子有质量。这一现象被称为中微子振荡。也由于这一发现,加拿大科学家阿瑟·麦克唐纳和日本科学家梶田隆章共同分享了2015年的诺贝尔物理学奖。
辐射:由以光速运行的无质量或近无质量粒子所构成。
Radiation: composed of massless or nearly massless particles that move at the speed of light.
如果宇宙中的所有粒子都是无质量,那么宇宙对于他们就会是初始时那样无限小,并且无限小的宇宙会经历一次大爆炸。
If all particles in the universe were massless, then, the universe would look to them to be infinitely small. And an infinitely small universe is one that would undergo a Big Bang.
在费米弱作用理论乃至弱电统一理论中,都是把中微子当作无静止质量的粒子来处理的。
In the Fermi weak interaction theory and even in the electro-weak unification theory, the neutrino is looked as the massless particle.
And that's really neat to think about, because photons, of course, are massless particles, they have no mass, so it's neat to think about something that has no mass, but that actually does have a momentum.
而且那真的不容易想明白,因为光子,当然是无质量的粒子,它们没有质量,所以这个真的不容易想明白,一些物体没有质量,但是它们事实上确实有动量。
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