西方管理学家对委托人目标和代理人效用函数的不一致性进行了研究，提出了委托—代理理论。
West management scientists have researched on the difference between utility functions of principal and agent. They suggested the theory of principal agent.
基于双方的效用函数，以消除医院道德风险和自选择为目的，运用博弈理论推出了最优付费方式的博弈均衡解。
On the basis of the two sides utility function a first best payment system has been provided to eliminate moral hazard and self-selection from hospital by game theory.
新古典理论以生产函数和效用函数为基础，建立了技术关系的稀缺资源有效配置理论，其核心是表明商品和要素稀缺性的相对价格。
Based on product and utility functions, Neo-classic theory consists of effective allocation for scarce resources, with the relative price of commodity and factors as its focus.
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