拓扑流形，为最容易定义的流形，它局部看起来象一些“普通”的欧氏空间Rn。形式化的讲，一个拓扑流形是一个局部同胚于一个欧氏空间（或上半欧式空间）的拓扑空间。这表示每个点有一个邻域，它有一个同胚(连续双射其逆也连续)将它映射到Rn（Rn+）。这些同胚是流形的坐标图。
... 拓扑临界点 topological critical point 拓扑流形 topological manifold 拓扑幂零算子 topological nilpotent operator ...
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In the framework, a control mesh may be arbitrary one-dimensional or two-dimensional orientated topological manifold, and the curve or surface is defined on differential manifold homeomorphic to the control mesh with a potential function as its basis functions.
广义有理参数曲线曲面定义在与控制网格拓扑同胚的微分流形上，以高度一般的势函数为基函数，其控制网格可以是任意的一维拓扑流形和二维可定向拓扑流形。
参考来源 - 流形上参数曲面的理论与方法·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
子流形高斯像的几何与拓扑是整体微分几何领域的重要研究课题之一。
It plays an important role in global differential geometry to study the geometric and topological properties of Gaussian image of submanifolds.
通过非流形造型与基于物理的造型相结合，从拓扑结构和几何信息两个方面扩大了模型的表示范围。
Representing objects by combining non manifold modeling and physically based modeling enlarges the representing domain for both topology and geometry.
提出了一个非流形结构的表示方法——粘合边结构，其数学基础是代数拓扑中的复形理论。
An identification edge structure is put forward to represent non manifold modeling, which is built on the concepts and methods of the complex and CW complex in algebraic topology.
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