本文利用极坐标下斯涅尔定律，系统地讨论了电离层折射对赤经赤纬的修正问题，并据此给出了射线描迹法。
Using the Snell's law in polar coordinates, the ionospheric refraction effects on the declination and right ascension determination is discussed in this paper.
根据波的折射定律，作者提出了一个描述抛掷漏斗内任意质点抛掷方向的数学模型。
Based on the refractive law of waves, the author presents a mathematical model describing the ejective direction of any particle in cratering.
从菲涅耳定律出发，利用单轴晶的折射率面和光率体，讨论了在一般情况下单轴晶内部的光路问题。
We study the beam paths in uniaxial crystal with arbitarily oriented optical axis in general conditions, by it′s plane and ellipsoid of refraction index and Fresnel law.
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