“从不吸烟的患者对一类叫表皮生长因子受体抑制剂的药物反应更好，因为这类患者有表皮生长因子受体基因突变的可能性更大一些。”鲁丁说。

"Patients who never smoked respond better to a certain class of drugs called EGFR inhibitors, because lung cancer in these patients more often contain mutations in the EGFR gene," Rudin says.

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PTEN肿瘤抑制因子在乳腺癌中虽常呈失表达，但并不是通过基因突变或促进子甲基化而实现的，因此其失表达的机制还不清楚。

Expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor is frequently lost in breast cancer in the absence of mutation or promoter methylation through as yet undetermined mechanisms.

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