同样，一切形式的艺术都依赖技术。想象一下，当摄影术和电影制片术被发明的时候，新的艺术形式诞生了。

In a similar way, all forms of art rely on technology. Imagine when photography or cinematography were invented, new forms of art were born.

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十九世纪中期与后期的现实主义和自然主义画家都高度关注摄影术，将其当作一门可以使用、借鉴而且要适应的技术。

Thee realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.

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