小说以悲剧的结局，在这两方面都做了现实的批判。
The novel to the tragic ending, in these two areas have made criticism of reality.
昆德拉基于当下特定社会语境而提出的一个重要的理论概念，它意味着小说对现实进行批判和质疑，对人的价值进行肯定和救赎，对存在进行追问和探索。
It signifies that novel queries and criticizes reality, affirms and redeems mans value, and explores reality, affirms and redeems mans value, and explores and inquires the existence.
19世纪美国批判现实主义作家马克·吐温的小说以幽默讽刺表现对社会的批判，有严肃而深刻的思想内核。
With their solemn and profound thinking nucleus, the humor and irony in novels by Mark Twain are the expressions of criticism of the 19th century American society.
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