大型系统的紧密耦合特征通常是通过优化总体设计和尽可能减少系统组件间的冗余和低效情况来实现的。

The tight coupling characteristics of large-scale systems generally result from optimizing the overall design and from minimizing redundancies and inefficiencies among the system's components.

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要考虑到系统的总体设计，不要只图快点完成工作。

Think about the overall design of the system, not just the quick way of doing something.

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计算机系统的总体设计或结构，包括运行其所需的硬件和软件。

Overall design or structure of a computer system, including the hardware and software required to run it.

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