基于应变叠加原理的基本思想。阐释了金属振动塑性加工平均应力减小的原因，给出了体积效应机理的数学描述。
Based on the strain superposition principle, the phenomenon of mean stress reduction in metals plastic processes with vibration is explicated. and the mechanism of volume effect is described.
振动格栅紊流是一种无平均流动的特殊紊流，在一定范围内呈各向同性。
Turbulence generated by vibrating grid is a kind of special turbulence, without mean flow and being isotropic in certain region.
频率微扰商是表示连续元音发声时声带振动相邻周期间的微细变动量； 发声效率反映平均气流率与声能的有效转换率。
PP indicates the amount of irregular vibration of vocal folds and I/F represents efficient transition from MFR to acoustic energy.
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