你知道除了像法国和德国这样的大国之外，欧洲还有几个非常小的国家吗？

Did you know that, besides larger places like France and Germany, Europe is home to several extremely tiny countries?

youdao

事实是，克雷蒙小提琴由生长在小冰河时期的树木制成，当时整个欧洲的气温明显低于正常水平。

Turns out the Cremonese violins were made from trees that grew during a Little Ice Age, a period when temperatures across Europe were significantly lower than normal.

youdao

与相对小的欧洲的经济体相比，世界最大的经济体也更少担忧其数据的国际可比性。

The world’s biggest economy is also much less bothered about the international comparability of its numbers than smaller European countries.

youdao

What the Dutch did--the Netherlands is an extraordinarily small country, and it's the most populated country in Europe, then, per square kilometre, and is now--once.

那些荷兰人...荷兰是一个,非常非常小的国家,也是当时欧洲人口密度最高的国家,如果以每平方公里人口计算,现在也是

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

The only cities in Europe that were comparable-- and they were smaller--were Naples, an extraordinarily poor city, and Constantinople, Istanbul, and, of course, in Japan, Edo, which would become known as Tokyo.

欧洲唯一可以与之匹敌的,就是稍小的那不勒斯,那是个非常穷的城市,另外还有君士坦丁堡即伊斯坦布尔,当然还有日本的江户,即之后的东京

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Now, there were other localized slave societies, surely; certainly within Africa, to a certain degree even before Europeans arrived and certainly after Europeans arrived, particularly after the regularization of the Atlantic slave trade.

除此之外当然还有很多小区域奴隶社会,非洲当然有,甚至是原始欧洲,欧洲现代人到来后当然更多,特别是在,大西洋奴隶贸易合法化之后

耶鲁公开课 - 美国内战与重建课程节选