...内容．我们将尝试通过寻找一个具有相同均值和较小方差的估计以改进常用的模拟估计．本章首先介绍对偶变量(Antithetic variables)方法．本章附录的证明显示，当把此方法用来估计某单调函数的期望时，它总能减小方差，并只占用较少的计算机存储空间．其次，我们...
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By introducing dual variables, the dual governing equations and boundary conditions, which are composed by mixed variables under whole state space, are obtained.
引入对偶变量，进一步建立使问题化为在以混合变量组成的全状态辛空间中的控制正则方程和初边条件。
参考来源 - 粘弹性柱体问题的对偶体系研究·2,447,543篇论文数据，部分数据来源于NoteExpress
算例表明了对偶变量有限元分析的有效性。
Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the dual finite element method.
对偶变量有限元推导可避免所谓的C1连续性问题。
The dual variable FEM formulation can avoid the difficulty of C1 continuity condition.
对变量组合法进行了改进，使多困难度几何规划中对偶变量分离问题简单易解。
The improvement to the method of variable combination makes the problem of dual variable separation in geometric programming with a multi difficulty degree simple and easy to solve.
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