第三是诸如德国这样的债权国的情绪，德国一再坚持私有债券持有者应作出实质性贡献。
A third is the mood of creditor countries such as Germany, which have been insisting on a "substantial" contribution by private bondholders.
在各个案例中，法院一直持有这样的见解，一旦出示对健康危害的实质性证据，那么举证的责任就在制造商一方。
In each case the court has held that the burden of proof is on the manufacturer once substantial evidence of a health hazard has been shown.
公民精神实质上就是公民对公共事务所持有的价值与信念，充满活力的公民和有效的公共行政是相辅相成的。
Civism is essentially the citizens 'value and belief toward the Commons. The vibrant citizens and efficient public administration complement and supplement each other.
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