孪晶是指两个晶体（或一个晶体的两部分）沿一个公共晶面（即特定取向关系）构成镜面对称的位向关系，这两个晶体就称为"孪晶"，此公共晶面就称孪晶面。
孪晶界阻碍位错运动导致高的加工硬化率；
The twin boundaries act as strong obstacles to the dislocation motion, so lead to higher strain-hardening.
裂尖前方可能发生形变孪晶，裂纹沿孪晶界扩展。
Local cleavage fracture might happen in the front of crack tip.
应变诱发马氏体首先在原奥氏体晶界和孪晶界形核。
These lath martensite first nucleates in parent austenite intergranular and twin boundary.
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